Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, comes from the uncontrolled growth of melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of the skin. As a dermatologist, identifying melanoma early is paramount, as it significantly influences prognosis and treatment outcomes. Understanding the ABCDEs of melanoma—Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter (>6mm), and Evolution—is essential in recognizing suspicious lesions that warrant further evaluation.
Diagnosing melanoma involves a comprehensive clinical examination, looking at all the skin and if a suspicious lesion is found then a biopsy is performed in office for histopathological analysis, confirming the diagnosis and providing critical information about the tumor's depth, subtype, and potential for metastasis.
Treatment strategies for melanoma depend on various factors, including tumor thickness, location, and patient characteristics. Surgical excision remains the primary treatment for localized disease, with the goal of achieving clear margins while preserving function and good cosmetic appearance. For advanced or metastatic melanoma, systemic therapies like immunotherapy and targeted therapy have revolutionized treatment paradigms, significantly improving survival rates and quality of life.
As dermatologists, our role extends beyond diagnosis and treatment to encompass prevention and surveillance. Educating patients about sun protection measures, including sunscreen use, protective clothing, and seeking shade during peak UV hours, is essential in reducing melanoma risk. Additionally, performing regular skin self-examinations and scheduling routine dermatologic evaluations facilitate early detection of suspicious lesions, enhancing the likelihood of successful treatment outcomes.
Collaboration with multidisciplinary teams, including dermatologic surgeons, general surgeons and possible oncologist ensures comprehensive and personalized care for patients with melanoma. Emphasizing the importance of adherence to surveillance protocols and lifestyle modifications fosters a proactive approach to melanoma management, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life. As dermatologists, our commitment to advancing melanoma awareness, prevention, and treatment remains steadfast in our pursuit of combating this formidable disease.